Solensia Side Effects in Cats: What the FDA Adverse-Event Data Actually Show
An in-depth, data-grounded review of Solensia (frunevetmab) side effects in cats, combining official label data, the 2026 Lai et al. disproportionality study, and FDA post-marketing reports.
Solensia (frunevetmab) is the monthly anti-NGF injection for cat arthritis pain, FDA-approved in January 2022. Its real side-effect profile, from the label and the FDA post-marketing data: the labeled effects are vomiting, injection-site pain, and a head/neck skin reaction (dermatitis, itching, scabbing, hair loss); post-marketing, skin and GI effects dominate, with about 7,800 cat reports in the FDA database through mid-2026. A 2026 peer-reviewed study found 19 safety signals, mostly skin, plus weaker renal and tumor signals that are probably confounded by the geriatric cat population. Death/euthanasia appears in about 10% of reports but cannot be attributed to the drug because these are old, sick cats on multiple medications. Solensia is not metabolized by the kidneys; IRIS Stage 1-2 CKD was studied but Stage 3-4 was not. Watch the cat closely for the first 2-3 weeks after each injection (median onset of reactions is 5 days).
When a senior cat is struggling to jump onto the sofa, withdrawing from the family, or missing the litter box, the cause is very often the chronic, aching pain of osteoarthritis (OA). For many years, veterinary options for feline joint pain were frustratingly limited. Long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) carries significant risks of gastrointestinal ulceration and kidney injury—a major concern given that up to 70% of cats with osteoarthritis have concurrent chronic kidney disease (CKD).
The approval of Solensia (frunevetmab) by the FDA on January 13, 2022 (under NADA 141-546, sponsored by Zoetis) was hailed as a therapeutic breakthrough. As a felinized monoclonal antibody targeting nerve growth factor (NGF), Solensia does not rely on hepatic or renal clearance. Instead, it is degraded by normal protein catabolism pathways, offering a kidney-friendly alternative for pain control.
However, as Solensia’s clinical footprint has expanded—with tens of millions of doses distributed globally—worried owners have increasingly turned to online forums. Reddit threads such as "Solensia almost killed my cat" rank highly in search engines, reflecting intense anxiety over severe skin reactions, lethargy, neurological signs, and unexpected deaths.
To separate anecdotal panic from clinical reality, this guide analyzes the complete safety record of Solensia. We examine the original pre-approval field trials, the FDA's own Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) pharmacovigilance summaries, the landmark 2026 peer-reviewed disproportionality study by Lai et al., and VetMedGuide's own comprehensive analysis of the FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) adverse event reporting system through July 2026.
What is Solensia and what did the field studies show about safety?
Solensia is a feline-specific monoclonal antibody designed to bind to nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophin that is highly upregulated in osteoarthritic joints. NGF binds to tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) receptors on nociceptive fibers, sensitizing them and amplifying pain signals. By intercepting NGF, frunevetmab prevents this binding, effectively dampening the chronic pain signal before it reaches the central nervous system. (For the drug's mechanism, dosing, and field-study efficacy in full, see our general Solensia for cats guide; this article is the post-marketing safety deep dive.)
It is administered exclusively in a veterinary clinic as a subcutaneous injection once every 4 weeks. The minimum recommended dose is 0.45 mg/lb (1 mg/kg) of body weight. The drug is supplied in 1 mL vials containing 7 mg of frunevetmab. Cats weighing 5.5 to 15.4 lb (2.5 to 7.0 kg) receive a single vial (7 mg), while larger cats weighing 15.5 to 30.8 lb (7.1 to 14.0 kg) receive two vials (14 mg) combined.
Before approval, the FDA evaluated the safety and efficacy of Solensia in two major randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled field studies involving client-owned cats.
Pre-Approval Safety Data
In the pivotal US and European field trials, which followed 182 cats treated with Solensia and 93 control cats given a placebo over a three-month period, the drug was generally well-tolerated. Efficacy was clear: 77% of owners reported a significant improvement in their cats' mobility and comfort, compared to 67% in the placebo group.
The side effects reported during these pre-approval trials were mostly mild and occurred at rates similar to the placebo group. The official FDA-approved label lists these adverse events from the field trials:
| Labeled Adverse Reaction | Solensia Group (n=182) | Placebo Group (n=93) |
|---|---|---|
| Vomiting | 13.2% | 10.8% |
| Injection-Site Pain | 10.9% | 14.0% |
| Behavioral Changes (e.g., aggression, hiding) | 7.1% | 6.5% |
| Diarrhea | 6.6% | 5.4% |
| Renal Insufficiency (worsening kidney values) | 6.6% | 4.3% |
| Anorexia (decreased appetite) | 6.6% | 4.3% |
| Lethargy | 6.0% | 3.2% |
| Dermatitis (skin inflammation) | 6.0% | 1.1% |
| Alopecia (hair loss) | 5.5% | 2.2% |
| Dehydration | 4.4% | 0.0% |
| Pruritus (itching) | 3.8% | 0.0% |
| Scabbing (specifically on the head and neck) | 3.3% | 1.1% |
While most values are comparable to the control group, the trials did reveal a clear safety signal for skin-related issues. Dermatitis (6.0% vs. 1.1%), alopecia (5.5% vs. 2.2%), pruritus (3.8% vs. 0.0%), and scabbing on the head and neck (3.3% vs. 1.1%) were significantly more common in cats receiving frunevetmab. Worsening kidney values (renal insufficiency) were also observed in 6.6% of Solensia cats compared to 4.3% of placebo cats, which we will analyze in depth below.
What the FDA post-marketing data actually show (7,823 cat reports through mid-2026)
While pre-approval trials are critical, they are limited by small sample sizes and strict enrollment criteria. Post-marketing surveillance (pharmacovigilance) captures how a drug performs in the real world across thousands of patients, including those with multiple comorbidities.
To understand the post-marketing safety of Solensia, we can look at two primary sources of adverse event data: the FDA's formal FOIA disclosures and direct, reproducible computations from the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine's open adverse-event reporting database.
The FDA FOIA Summary (Through June 2024)
In July 2024, the FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine released a summary of all adverse event reports received for Solensia between its launch on January 13, 2022, and June 30, 2024 (identified as FDA CVM FOIA Response Media 180523).
During this initial 2.5-year window, the FDA recorded 3,923 total adverse event reports (3,882 of which were in cats, with a handful of accidental exposure or off-label use reports in dogs and humans). The most frequently reported clinical signs for cats receiving subcutaneous injections in this official summary were:
- Skin lesions and scabbing: 436 reports
- Vomiting: 432 reports
- Lethargy: 373 reports
- Pruritus (severe itching): 357 reports
- Lack of efficacy (pain not controlled): 349 reports
- Death by euthanasia: 196 reports
- Death (natural or unassisted): 114 reports
- Elevated Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN): 69 reports
- Elevated SDMA: 56 reports
- Elevated Creatinine: 50 reports
- Anaphylaxis (acute allergic reaction): 26 reports
VetMedGuide's Comprehensive FDA Database Analysis (Through July 2026)
To provide the most current data, VetMedGuide conducted an analysis of the public FDA CVM animal drug adverse-event dataset, extracting and deduplicating all reports containing frunevetmab as an active ingredient through July 7, 2026.
Our analysis identified 7,823 unique frunevetmab reports, of which 7,626 (97.5%) were confirmed in domestic cats. The remaining 2.5% represented off-label use in dogs, minor species, or reports where the species was left unspecified. The demographic profile of the feline cohort highlights the typical patient receiving this drug:
- Median Age: 14.0 years. Geriatric cats dominate the data, with 88% of all reported cats being 10 years of age or older (44.7% were 15 years or older; 43.4% were between 10 and 15 years old).
- Median Weight: 4.99 kg (approx. 11.0 lb).
- Sex Distribution: A slight female skew — among the cats with a recorded sex, 54.8% were female and 45.2% male (about 8% of reports did not specify sex).
- Administration Route: 91.6% was confirmed as subcutaneous injection, matching the label.
- Reporter Type: About 87% of reports were filed by veterinarians or other animal-health professionals, and about 10% by animal owners.
When we group individual reaction terms into broader clinical clusters (n = 7,626 feline reports), the post-marketing landscape becomes clear:
| Reaction cluster | Share of reports |
|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal & weight/appetite | 26.4% |
| Skin & dermatological | 24.7% |
| Neurological & locomotor | 15.6% |
| Lack of efficacy | 12.3% |
| Renal & urinary | 3.2% |
The individual clinical signs reported most frequently in our July 2026 database extraction include:
- Skin Scab / Excoriation: 10.7% (n=816)
- Vomiting: 10.3% (n=785)
- Lethargy / Depression: 8.9% (n=678)
- Lack of Efficacy: 8.2% (n=625)
- Pruritus (Itching): 8.1% (n=617)
- Weight Loss: 6.4% (n=488)
- Death by Euthanasia: 6.4% (n=488)
- Diarrhea: 5.7% (n=434)
- Death (Unassisted): 4.0% (n=305)
- Ataxia (Uncoordinated gait): 3.7% (n=282)
- Intentional Misuse (Off-label dosing/interval): 2.9% (n=221)
The skin reaction: why dermatitis, pruritus, and scabbing dominate in cats
The single most striking safety signal in the post-marketing data—corroborated by the 2026 Lai et al. study and VetMedGuide's database analysis—is skin reactions. Skin-related complaints (scabs, hair loss, itching, scratching, and dermatitis) appear in 24.7% of all adverse event reports filed with the FDA.
Typically, these skin reactions present as severe, intense scratching directed at the head, face, neck, and ears. Cats scratch themselves to the point of self-mutilation, creating weeping ulcers, scabs, and localized hair loss.
Scientific Explanations for Feline Skin Reactions
Why does an arthritis injection cause a cat to tear at its own face? There are three main biological theories:
- NGF and Skin Homeostasis: Nerve growth factor is not just a pain mediator; it is highly active in the skin. NGF is produced by keratinocytes and plays a critical role in maintaining the health and sensitivity of cutaneous sensory nerves. Blocking NGF systemically may disrupt normal sensory feedback in the skin, leading to paresthesia—abnormal sensations like tingling, burning, or crawling. In response to these strange sensations, cats scratch and groom excessively, leading to excoriation and secondary dermatitis.
- Hypersensitivity and Immunogenicity: Because frunevetmab is a monoclonal antibody (a foreign protein), some cats develop an immune response to the drug itself. The pre-approval trials showed that up to 1.5% of cats developed anti-drug antibodies (ADAs). If a cat’s immune system recognizes the antibody as foreign, it can trigger a localized or systemic type I or type III hypersensitivity reaction, leading to intense skin pruritus.
- The Feline Dermis and NGF Receptors: Cats have a high density of mast cells in their skin, and mast cells express TrkA receptors (the receptors that bind NGF). Disruption of the NGF-TrkA pathway may alter mast cell stability or local histamine release, leading directly to localized pruritus.
The Storrer et al. Case Series
In 2023, a peer-reviewed case series published in the Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery (Storrer et al.) documented five cats that developed severe cutaneous lesions after receiving frunevetmab. The authors noted that these lesions typically appeared on the head and neck, with a median onset of 5 days after an injection.
Histopathology of the skin lesions revealed marked eosinophilic and mastocytic dermatitis, suggesting an allergic or hypersensitivity pathway. Crucially, all five cats recovered after the drug was discontinued, although resolving the skin damage required weeks of supportive care, including corticosteroids, gabapentin (to manage neuropathic itch), and elizabethan collars to prevent further self-mutilation.
Is Solensia bad for a cat's kidneys? The renal signal, the label's CKD language, and NGF biology
Because osteoarthritis and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are the twin epidemics of geriatric cats, the impact of Solensia on renal health is of paramount importance to both owners and veterinarians.
Understanding the 3.2% Renal Signal
In VetMedGuide's FDA database analysis, renal-related terms (such as elevated creatinine, worsening azotemia, acute kidney injury, or renal failure) appear in 3.2% of all reports. The 2026 Lai et al. study identified a statistically significant renal/urinary signal with a Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) of 1.62.
To determine whether this indicates a direct toxic effect, we must look at the biological mechanism and the population in question.
Monoclonal Antibody Metabolism vs. NSAIDs
Unlike conventional drugs, Solensia is a large protein molecule. It does not enter the kidneys, is not filtered by the glomerulus, and is not excreted in urine. It also has no interaction with cytochrome P450 enzymes. It is degraded via cellular lysosomes into basic amino acids.
Therefore, Solensia does not cause direct nephrotoxicity in the way that an NSAID (like meloxicam) can. NSAIDs block prostaglandins, which are critical for maintaining renal blood flow, particularly in dehydrated or azotemic patients. Blocking prostaglandins can precipitate acute kidney injury. Solensia does not block prostaglandins.
The Role of NGF in the Kidneys
However, we cannot assume that blocking NGF is completely neutral to the kidneys. NGF and TrkA receptors are expressed in adult mammalian kidneys, particularly in the collecting ducts and mesangial cells. Studies suggest that endogenous NGF may play a role in renal tissue repair and cellular survival during stress.
By blocking NGF systemically, Solensia might theoretically impair the kidney's natural repair mechanisms. In a cat with pre-existing, subclinical CKD, this block could theoretically accelerate the gradual decline of renal function, though this remains an unproven biological hypothesis.
Evaluating the Clinical Data
- IRIS Stage 1 and 2 CKD: The pre-approval US field study included cats categorized with IRIS Stage 1 or 2 CKD. These cats did not show a statistically significant worsening of renal parameters compared to placebo cats over the 3-month trial. Worsening kidney values were noted in 6.6% of Solensia cats versus 4.3% of controls, a difference that was not statistically significant and was attributed to the expected progression of renal disease in an elderly cohort.
- IRIS Stage 3 and 4 CKD: The official prescribing information explicitly states: "The safety and efficacy of this product has not been investigated in cats with kidney disease IRIS stages 3 and 4."
The clinical guidance is clear: For cats with early-stage, stable kidney disease, Solensia is generally considered a safer alternative to NSAIDs. However, for cats with advanced Stage 3 or 4 CKD, or cats experiencing acute uremic crises, Solensia should be used with extreme caution and only after a thorough risk-benefit analysis, as the safety data simply do not exist.
Can Solensia cause tumors? The neoplasia signal and why age confounds it
One of the most alarming findings in the 2026 Lai et al. disproportionality study was a significant safety signal at the System Organ Class (SOC) level for neoplasia (tumors/cancer). The study reported a Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR) of 3.72 for neoplasia, making it the second strongest signal in the paper after skin disorders.
The Role of NGF in Tumor Biology
Is there a biological basis for this? Yes. Nerve growth factor is known to interact with cancer cells. In some human cancers, NGF promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis (the growth of new blood vessels that feed tumors). Conversely, in other contexts, NGF signaling can promote cell differentiation or apoptosis (programmed cell death).
Furthermore, because NGF helps maintain normal sensory nerve function, blocking it could theoretically mask the early pain associated with growing bone or soft-tissue tumors, delaying diagnosis.
Geriatric Confounding: The Real Explanation
Despite the statistical signal, both the authors of the 2026 study and veterinary oncologists emphasize that this signal is highly likely to be a result of geriatric confounding.
Because osteoarthritic pain is a disease of aging, Solensia is prescribed almost exclusively to senior and geriatric cats. As noted in VetMedGuide's database analysis, 88% of cats reported in the adverse-event database were 10 years or older, and 44.7% were 15 years or older.
Cancer is also a disease of aging. In any population of cats with a median age of 14 years, a significant percentage will develop neoplasia (such as lymphoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or fibrosarcoma) over any given 12-month period, regardless of what medications they are receiving.
Because a cat is receiving Solensia, any tumor diagnosed during therapy is reported as a concurrent event. The database shows that these cats are at the peak age for cancer. There is currently no prospective, controlled clinical evidence showing that frunevetmab causes, accelerates, or initiates cancer in cats.
Why the death and euthanasia reports do not prove what they seem to
For any pet owner reading the FDA summaries, the raw numbers for mortality are frightening. In the 2024 FDA FOIA summary, 310 cats were reported to have died or been euthanized (196 euthanized, 114 died). In VetMedGuide's July 2026 dataset extraction, combined death and euthanasia reports accounted for 10.4% of all reports (6.4% euthanized, 4.0% died).
Does this mean Solensia carries a 10% risk of death? No. This is a classic example of post-marketing reporting bias.
The Geriatric Baseline
A primary rule of pharmacovigilance is that correlation does not equal causation. To evaluate these deaths, we must look at the population and the presence of other diseases.
- Median Age of Fatal Reports: In VetMedGuide's database analysis, the median age for cats where the outcome was recorded as "died" or "euthanized" was 15.0 years. The natural life expectancy of a domestic cat is 12 to 15 years.
- Concurrent Medications: Senior cats with arthritis are rarely on just one medication. In our analysis, 44.8% of all reports listed concurrent medications (two or more drugs administered at the same time).
- The Monotherapy vs. Concurrent Split: When we isolated cases where the cat received Solensia alone (monotherapy) vs. cases where Solensia was given alongside other drugs (e.g., methimazole for hyperthyroidism, prednisolone, insulin, or cardiac meds), the fatal outcome rate was:
- Solensia Monotherapy Reports: 8.1% of reports resulted in death or euthanasia.
- Concurrent Medication Reports: 13.3% of reports resulted in death or euthanasia.
| Drug regimen | Died or euthanized |
|---|---|
| Solensia monotherapy | 8.1% |
| Solensia + concurrent medications | 13.3% |
This statistically significant difference indicates that cats receiving multiple drugs were already sicker, with multi-systemic disease (such as concurrent kidney failure, hyperthyroidism, or heart disease). In these geriatric patients, natural death or euthanasia due to progressive organ failure is a common outcome. Because the cat was receiving monthly Solensia, the death was recorded in the database, even if the primary cause was chronic kidney failure or lymphoma.
Without necropsies (which are performed in fewer than 1% of these post-marketing reports), it is impossible to attribute these deaths to frunevetmab. The drug appears to be a passenger in many of these geriatric end-of-life events.
How long can a cat stay on Solensia, and what to watch in the first 2-3 weeks
A common clinical question is whether there is a limit to how long a cat can safely receive Solensia.
Long-Term Safety and Study Limits
The pre-approval clinical field trials evaluated cats for only 3 months (84 days). Long-term safety studies beyond 6 months have not been published in peer-reviewed literature. However, because osteoarthritis is a progressive, life-long condition, many cats receive monthly injections for years.
In practice, long-term safety depends on monitoring for the development of:
- Anti-Drug Antibodies (ADAs): Over time, a cat’s immune system may produce neutralizing antibodies against frunevetmab. This does not usually cause safety issues, but it will cause the drug to stop working, resulting in a sudden return of arthritis pain.
- Cutaneous Changes: Cats on long-term therapy should have their skin checked thoroughly before each injection, looking for early signs of scabbing, thinning hair, or redness around the head and neck.
- Renal Function: Regular blood work (BUN, creatinine, SDMA, and urinalysis) should be performed every 6 months in senior cats to monitor for age-related kidney disease, which may require changes to supportive care.
The Monitoring Window: The First 2-3 Weeks
When a cat receives a Solensia injection, there is a specific physiological window when side effects are most likely to appear.
The 2026 Lai et al. study reported that the median time to onset of adverse events was 5 days (with an Interquartile Range of 0 to 21 days). Furthermore, 84.33% of all reported side effects occurred within the first 28 days following an injection.
This matches the drug's pharmacokinetics: peak plasma concentration is reached 3 to 7 days after a subcutaneous injection (elimination half-life averages about 9 to 10 days). The median duration of an adverse reaction was 16 days.
What this means for owners: The first 2 to 3 weeks after an injection are the critical monitoring window. If a cat tolerated the injection for 21 days, it is highly unlikely to develop a sudden reaction in week 4. The watch period resets with each monthly dose.
What to do if your cat reacts, and how Solensia differs from Librela in dogs
If you suspect your cat is experiencing a reaction to Solensia, a prompt and structured response is essential.
Action Plan for Adverse Reactions
- Identify Labeled vs. Unlabeled Signs:
- Minor/Common: Mild, self-limiting vomiting or diarrhea within 48 hours of the injection.
- Moderate/Concerning: Skin scratching, hair loss, or scabbing around the face and neck; worsening lethargy; decreased appetite lasting more than 24 hours.
- Severe/Emergency: Difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat (signs of anaphylaxis, which typically occur within minutes to hours of the injection); sudden, severe coordination loss (ataxia).
- Contact Your Vet: Do not attempt to treat skin lesions or vomiting at home. Facially pruritic cats can cause severe self-trauma quickly. Your vet may need to prescribe short-term corticosteroids or antihistamines to break the itch cycle, or antiemetics (like maropitant) for vomiting.
- File an FDA Report: Ask your clinic to report the reaction to Zoetis and the FDA. You can also report it directly using the FDA CVM portal. These reports are the only way the veterinary community can track real-world drug safety.
- The Clearance Half-Life Decision: Frunevetmab has a half-life of approximately 10 days. Once injected, the drug remains in the cat's system for 40 to 50 days (5 half-lives for complete clearance). If a cat has a reaction, the symptoms can persist for weeks until the drug is metabolized. You must wait out the clearance period while providing supportive care.
Solensia (Cats) vs. Librela (Dogs)
Frunevetmab and bedinvetmab (Librela, the canine anti-NGF monoclonal antibody) are sister drugs developed by Zoetis. While they share the same anti-NGF mechanism, their safety profiles in the FDA database are remarkably species-specific (see our Librela side effects in dogs analysis):
| Safety Metric | Solensia (Cats) | Librela (Dogs) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Safety Signal | Dermatologic: Facial pruritus, scabbing, hair loss, and excoriation. | Neurologic/Urinary: Ataxia, rear-limb weakness, urinary incontinence. |
| FDA Label Updates | No significant post-approval safety updates or US "Dear Vet" letters as of mid-2026. | Significant FDA updates (Dec 2024) adding warnings for acute neurological decline and polydipsia/polyuria. |
| UK VMD Incidence | 0.0025 (approx. 2.5 reports per 1,000 doses sold). | Approx. 0.0024 reports per 1,000 doses sold. |
While cats tend to react with their skin (tearing at their faces), dogs are far more likely to show neurological or locomotor changes (dragging their back legs, slipping, or losing bladder control). This species difference is a reminder that NGF plays distinct physiological roles across different mammalian species.
FAQs
How long can cats live on Solensia?
Because Solensia does not treat the underlying osteoarthritis (it only blocks the pain signal), it does not directly extend or shorten a cat's life. Most cats receive Solensia as part of palliative care in their final years. In our database analysis of thousands of real-world cases, the median age of cats on Solensia was 14 years. Many cats safely receive the monthly injection for several years, provided they are monitored regularly.
Is Solensia bad for cat kidneys?
Solensia is not cleared or processed by the kidneys, making it a much safer option for cats with early-stage chronic kidney disease (IRIS Stages 1 and 2) compared to NSAIDs. However, safety studies do not exist for cats with advanced kidney disease (IRIS Stages 3 and 4). If your cat has advanced kidney failure, discuss the risks and benefits with your veterinarian.
Can Solensia cause tumors or cancer in cats?
While a 2026 study found a statistical signal linking Solensia to tumor reports, this is almost certainly due to "geriatric confounding." Because Solensia is given to very old cats, and old cats naturally develop cancer at a high rate, many cancer diagnoses occur while cats are on the drug. There is currently no scientific evidence showing that Solensia initiates or causes cancer.
What should I do if my cat has a Solensia reaction?
If you notice vomiting, lethargy, or severe face scratching within 2 to 3 weeks of an injection, contact your veterinarian immediately. Do not give any human medications. If your cat is scratching its face, your vet may recommend an elizabethan collar and a short course of steroids or antihistamines to control the itch while the drug slowly clears the body.
How is Solensia's side-effect profile different from Librela in dogs?
Though both are anti-NGF injections, they affect cats and dogs differently. Cats primarily experience skin reactions (intense scratching of the head and neck, scabs, hair loss). Dogs are much more likely to experience neurological or mobility side effects, such as hind-limb weakness, stumbling, or urinary incontinence.
Sources
- FDA FOIA Response Media 180523, "Solensia Adverse Event Reports from January 13, 2022 to June 30, 2024," FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine: https://www.fda.gov/media/180523/download
- Lai, X. et al. (2026). "Safety assessment of frunevetmab for osteoarthritis pain in cats: disproportionality analysis of the FDA Animal Drug Adverse Events database." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 40(1), aalag003: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12893208/
- FDA Freedom of Information Summary, NADA 141-546 (Solensia original approval, January 13, 2022): https://animaldrugsatfda.fda.gov/adafda/app/search/public/document/downloadFoi/11817
- Solensia Prescribing Information (frunevetmab injection) package insert, Zoetis / DailyMed (NIH/NLM): https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a73b79c4-3623-4b52-81ea-6180528a031e
- Solensia 7 mg/ml solution for injection for cats — Annex I Summary of Product Characteristics, European Medicines Agency: https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/2023/20231026160774/anx_160774_en.pdf
- Gruen, M. E. et al. (2021). "Frunevetmab, a felinized anti-NGF monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of pain from osteoarthritis in cats." Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 35(6), 2752-2762: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8692178/
- Storrer, A. et al. (2023). "Cutaneous lesions and clinical outcomes in five cats after frunevetmab injections." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 25(12): https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10812000/
- UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate, "Solensia 7 mg/ml Solution for Injection for Cats - adverse-event incidence and anaphylaxis update": https://www.gov.uk/government/news/solensia-7-mgml-solution-for-injection-for-cats
- FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine, "Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) for Animal Drugs": https://www.fda.gov/animal-veterinary/safety-health/adverse-event-reporting-system-vaers-animal-drugs
- Marino, C. L. et al. (2014). "Prevalence of renal disease in cats with osteoarthritis." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery, 16(6), 510-515: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24057864/
